Effects of Poverty on Children Literature Review Essay

This literature review of twelve previously published research articles has focused on summarizing some of the effects of poverty on children. The selected articles all focused on the major effect of poverty on children, and were sorted into four sub-categories or themes based upon a specific focus areas of this complex and not yet fully understood issue. These themes included developmental, educational outcomes, health, and parenting effects, and how they were impacted by children living in poverty. Impact on Development The developmental theme included reviews of four articles, each with a slightly different focus. In a paper researching the racial/ethnic differences in processes and effects (McLeod and Nonemaker, 2000) using a†¦show more content†¦Using a different structure than Bronfenbrenner to analyze available data (Wadsworth, Raviv, Reinhard, Wolff, Santiago and Einhorn), but with more analytical calculations included, reached that same conclusion as McLeod and Nonemaker, 2000 (i.e. that a significantly stronger effect of the persistence of poverty on child problems was noted in Caucasians than for Hispanics, and for Hispanics more so than African American children). Impact on Education The educational outcome theme included reviews of three articles, again each with a slightly different focus. In a paper discussing the effects of antipoverty programs on children’s cumulative levels of poverty-related risk (Gassman-Pines and Yoshikawa, 2006), the conclusion reached was that overall reduction in the cumulative effects of poverty was much more important than any individual risk factor. This paper acknowledged much previous research in presenting analytical statistics, based upon New Hope and MFIP samples, confirming that the greater the cumulative effects of poverty on children, the worse socio-emotional and cognitive development impacts that occur. The effects of child care quality on children’ development while living in poverty (Votruba-Drzal, Coley, and Chase-Lansdale, 2004) discussed the drastic increase in the overall number and percentage of children in child care since 1996 events,Show MoreRelatedEffects Of Poverty On Children1553 Words   |  7 PagesHow Poverty Effects Children Makayla Ray University of Alabama in Birmingham Abstract This literature review of twelve previously published research articles has focused on summarizing some of the effects of poverty on children. The selected articles all focused on the major effect of poverty on children, and were sorted into four sub-categories or themes based upon a specific focus areas of this complex and not yet fully understood issue. These themes included developmental, educationalRead MoreEffects Of Poverty On Children1554 Words   |  7 PagesEffects of Poverty on Children Makayla Ray University of Alabama in Birmingham Abstract This literature review of twelve previously published research articles has focused on summarizing some of the effects of poverty on children. The selected articles all focused on the major effect of poverty on children, and were sorted into four sub-categories or themes based upon a specific focus areas of this complex and not yet fully understood issue. These themes included developmental, educationalRead MoreThe Effects Of Poverty And Student Achievement : Does Poverty Affect The Culture Of A School?1195 Words   |  5 Pages The Effect of Poverty and Student Achievement: Does Poverty Affect the Culture of a School? Veronica Curtis, B.A, M.Ed Stony Brook University ABSTRACT Research Questions The following research questions guided this study. Research Question One According to the research literature, what effect does poverty have on academic performance? Research Question Two According to the research literature, what is the influence of behavior management strategies andRead MoreHow Does Low Socioeconomic Status Affect the Development and Academic Performance of Children?1654 Words   |  7 PagesPerformance of Children? Introduction Throughout my classes at DePaul’s College of Education, I have wondered how and why socioeconomic factors have such a profound effect on childrens school readiness, development, and future of learning. With the addition of clinical experiences in various schools and grades, a passion and focus area of mine has been multicultural perspectives, often volunteering at schools where students and their families live below the poverty line. I have personallyRead MoreIs There A Strong Relationship Between Poverty And Juvenile Delinquency?1655 Words   |  7 PagesBetween Poverty and Juvenile Delinquency? There is a lot of research in the world on whether or not poverty and juvenile delinquency are correlated. Of what I’ve seen, the studies suggest that there is, in fact, a relationship between them. Poverty is a serious issue, and it not only affects the people living in poverty, but it also affects the people around poverty-ridden neighborhoods. This study will address the issue of poverty on juveniles. Moreover, it will unveil the problem and review literatureRead MoreLiterature Review On Teen Pregnancy1344 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction This Literature Review gives a deep insight of some of the available literature related to teen pregnancy, neighborhood effects on poverty, and socio-economic effects of teen pregnancies. Teen pregnancy has become a significant issue in society. A large number of teen pregnancy and school dropouts have been recorded in the past and get associated with poverty. To understand teen pregnancy and its association with poverty; this literature review is going to examine some of the academicRead MoreParental Educational Level, Socio Economic Status ( Ses ) And Children s Risk Of Violence Essay1563 Words   |  7 PagesThis project is a literature review focusing on the relationship between parental educational level, socio-economic status (SES) and children’s risk of violence. In particular, this paper will focus on the risk of family violence, child abuse, school violence and later relationship violence. This paper will also examine gender difference in the perpetration and victimi zation of violence. The impact of parental education attainment level is a variable that very few studies place a major focus on.Read MoreHomelessness And The United Kingdom1747 Words   |  7 Pagesintentional homeless. However, priority is given to women who have children and women who are vulnerable, in cases such as domestic violence, abuse and mental illness (Fitzpatrick, Kemp and Klinker 2010). Despite this, evidence demonstrates that increasingly women are affected by homelessness; particularly single female-headed households, whereby single female often has to define their vulnerabilities. The purpose of this literature review is to synthesise and critically evaluate the existing researchRead MoreFixed Vs. 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Although it did not free mental health from stigma it did however bring about the recognition that mental health should be an inherent part of our policy. Despite this Northern Ireland still has the highest mental health figures in the UK, Fundamental Facts (2016) published by the Mental Health Organisation

The Corruption Of The State Juvenile Justice System

Late 1980s marked the increase of crime rate in the country, around that time a small and influential criminology group decided that time has come to point out the menace. They did it well and along came the fear and malice towards â€Å"super-predators†. Astonishingly this so called fast creeping breed of criminals were not some mutants, but children as young as 11! (Garinger, 2012) As expected there was no turning back from the data and the facts, and government was forced to make strict decisions. Thus began the tyrant of transfer laws, marked at the inadequacies of the state juvenile justice systems. To say those reforms or decisions were overbearing would be sensible, apparently those disciplinary actions were much needed. Speaking of which the coming years saw a slow but definite decline in the juvenile crime rate and it was perceived that the decision was in fact sane. While there is no denying that the crime rate has been steadily declined in the said age group, and it can be presumed that it is the fear of punishment. However it has also been observed that apart from the psychological trauma and cultural shock experienced by these young-criminals, these adult courts offer them no chance of reprimand. Having said that, there is strategic rise in the second-offense in such individuals! The amount of psychological overbearing faced by these is tumultuous and the sexual disdain unaccountable, in wake of which certain questions are raised (Hartney, 2006). Is this way ofShow MoreRelatedThe Juvenile Justice System Essay1441 Words   |  6 Pagesproblems that existed with the juvenile justice system in the early 19thcentury. The juvenile justice system was subject to a lot of corruption and civil rights violations in its early stages. Juveniles did not have the same rights as adults and could be forced into terrible living or working conditions. With no child labor laws, delinquent juveniles could be sentenced to forced labor in factories or to houses of refuge. With the ruling of Ex Parte Crouse, the state took ultimate responsibility ofRead MoreThe United States Justice System1096 Words   |  5 PagesThe United States justice system has been around since the signing of the United States Constitution in 1787. It was created to protect its citizens and provide justice throughout the nation. The U.S. Justice system is broken down to three branches. These branches are Policing, Courts, and Corrections that create the justice system. Policing is the branch that enforces the law in the public. Courts is the decision to whether you are guilt, not guilty, or fined for the actions from the enforcementsRead Mo reThe List Of Core Corrupt Acts1345 Words   |  6 Pagesenlarge this list to include other acts in the future. Since, bribery is frequently found and seen as â€Å"popular† among white-collar employees, like higher government officials, I am going to address to this kind of a corruption. Bribery perhaps is the most widespread form of corruption. In the opinion of Santoro and Strauss (2013), bribery is the giving, offering, soliciting or receiving of any valuable item to influence or sway the actions of those with power or officials in discharge of legal orRead MoreThe Romanian Criminal Justice System1715 Words   |  7 PagesCriminal Justice System Cory J. Mackley-Portley Texas State University – San Marcos The Romanian Criminal Justice System The history and evolution of any country is complex and open to the interpretation of progression or regression as defined by the reader. The history of its criminal justice system is no different. This is more so complicated in that this particular country, Romania, is in a relatively new post-communist era. To increase the understanding of the evolution of law and justice in EasternRead MoreCorruption as a Difficulty in Everyday Annawadian Life1470 Words   |  6 PagesCorruption as a Difficulty in Everyday Annawadian Life In Katherine Boo’s novel Behind the Beautiful Forevers: Life, Death, and Hope in a Mumbai Undercity we are thrown into a slum in Mumbai, Annawadi and are shown that corruption is an undeniable difficulty that the Annawadians face in their everyday lives. â€Å"For every two people in Annawadi inching up, there was one in a catastrophic plunge† (24) the people of Annawadi are in such a state because of all the corruption. As soon as they get aheadRead MoreJuvenile Crime And Crime Rates1609 Words   |  7 PagesJuvenile crime is one of the nation s most serious problems. Concerns about it are generally broadcasted by federal, state, and local government officials and by the public. In years prior, the burden developed beginning with the dramatic rise in juvenile violence in the eighties reaching an all-time peak in the first part of the nineties. Even though juvenile crime rates seem to have lowered since the mid-nineties, the reduction has not eased the concern. Many s tates began taking strict statutoryRead MoreAnalysis Of Just Mercy By Bryan Stevenson1311 Words   |  6 PagesThe book, â€Å"Just Mercy† by Bryan Stevenson pleas to fix the current unfair and fragmented system of criminal justice and juvenile justice. The book’s plot focuses majority on Stevenson’s work and his clients. The main narrative tackles the story of Walter McMillan, who was accused of killing a white woman, but despite hard evidence that would prove he’s innocent, is disregarded by the court due to his race. The main issue was not even the lack of care for racial equality in this case, but the factRead MoreA Brief Note On Academic And Professional Communications1471 Words   |  6 Pagesfaced by both federal and state run facilities, however, as the privatization of correctional facilities became more prevalent, so too did instances of corruption. As more federal and state run institutions became privatized there was a marked increase in num bers of those incarcerated as well as a push for more stringent sentencing of those convicted of committing a crime. This has resulted in those companies responsible for running these facilities taking advantage of a system originally set up to houseRead MoreThe Criminal Justice System Is Complex1201 Words   |  5 PagesOverview: The criminal justice system is complex and in need of several types of reforms, this is especially true in the juvenile justice system. In 2012, there were 1,319,700 arrests of juveniles in the United States (OJJDP) and this includes both violent and non-violent offenses committed by those under the age of 18. Policy reforms can offer alternatives to the incarceration of young offenders, by providing mental health, or addiction rehabs for those that are in need of it rather than lockingRead MoreThe Juvenile Justice System Is Not Reflective Of Their National Population1612 Words   |  7 Pagesare roughly 79,000 adolescents held at juvenile facilities all across the United States (Sickmund Puzzanchera, 2014). Of that population, Latino and African American youth represent the majority of those in confinement. This is a problem because the overrepresentation of minorities within the juvenile justice system is not reflective of their national population percentages. Nationally, Latino and African American youth only comprise 38% of the total juvenile population combined, while Caucasian

Princess Bride Research Paper Essay Example For Students

Princess Bride Research Paper Essay The Princess BrideIn the film, The Princess Bride, directed by Rob Reiner, it all begins with a Grandfather telling the story to his less than enthusiastic Grandson. The story opens in the country of Florin with Buttercup treating her Farm Boy not so well, his name was Wesley, but she never called him that. Very soon she realizes he loves her and she loves him in return. He sets off for America to make his fortune across the sea. She later finds out that he and his ship have been murdered by the Dread Pirate Roberts who never leaves captives alive. Scene: Humperdink castle, Prince Humperdink is announcing his bride-to-be and we find out it is the Princess Buttercup. She does not love him, but he has the right to choose his bride. Next Scene: Buttercup is riding her horse through the forest and comes across three strange looking men: one short, intelligent man (Vizzini), a Spaniard (Inigo), and a giant (Fezzik). They kidnap her and Vizzini reveals that he wants to start a war with the nearby country Guilder by murdering Buttercup and leaving her on the Guilder frontier, even though Inigo and Fezzik are not too happy with the idea they follow their orders. They sail away on a ship, but soon realize they are being followed by a ship that is gaining on them. He also follows them to the Cliffs of Insanity. When they reach the top, Vizzini has Inigo stay behind to kill the man following them (the Man-in-Black) because he (Inigo) is a master swordsman. When the Man-in-Black reaches the top of the cliffs, Inigo reveals he wants revenge on a man with six fingers who killed his father. Inigo and the Man-in-Black find they have a mutual respect for each other, but they must duel and the Man-in-Black wins, but does not k ill Inigo. Vizzini sees that the Man-in-Black is still following them, so he has Fezzik stay behind to kill him. They wrestle and again the Man-in-Black wins, but he does not kill Fezzik. Then he confronts Vizzini, they have a Battle of Wits, and of course the Man-in-Black wins again. From there, he grabs Buttercup and they run off. Meanwhile, Prince Humperdink has been following them with his friend Count Rugen. Back to the running of MIB (Man in Black) and Buttercup: Buttercup believes the MIB is the Dread Pirate Roberts who killed her Wesley, and when he admits he is, she pushes him down a large hill. As he falls, he reveals he is Wesley, so she tumbles down the hill after him. They are reunited at the bottom. They soon realize Humperdink is chasing them, so they are forced to go into the Fire Swamp where no one has ever survived. They enter and Wesley reveals the reason for his absence and that he is the Dread Pirate Roberts. After some adventures in the Fire Swamp, they escape and find that Humperdink is waiting for them. Buttercup agrees to go with him, if he will free Wesley. He agrees but has left instructions with Count Rugen to throw him into The Pit of Despair; Wesley realizes Rugen is the six fingered man for whom Inigo was searching. In the Pit of Despair, Wesley is tortured, and Buttercup has bad dreams; finally she goes to Humperdink and tells him she can not live without Wesley and that she will be dead by morning if she has to marry Humperdink. He agrees to search for Wesley (lying of course); Buttercup eventually realizes this is a lie and maddens Humperdink by calling him a Coward, so he kills Wesley. .uc828f4e73c488c517dc3e5d9c709dbae , .uc828f4e73c488c517dc3e5d9c709dbae .postImageUrl , .uc828f4e73c488c517dc3e5d9c709dbae .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc828f4e73c488c517dc3e5d9c709dbae , .uc828f4e73c488c517dc3e5d9c709dbae:hover , .uc828f4e73c488c517dc3e5d9c709dbae:visited , .uc828f4e73c488c517dc3e5d9c709dbae:active { border:0!important; } .uc828f4e73c488c517dc3e5d9c709dbae .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc828f4e73c488c517dc3e5d9c709dbae { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc828f4e73c488c517dc3e5d9c709dbae:active , .uc828f4e73c488c517dc3e5d9c709dbae:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc828f4e73c488c517dc3e5d9c709dbae .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc828f4e73c488c517dc3e5d9c709dbae .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc828f4e73c488c517dc3e5d9c709dbae .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc828f4e73c488c517dc3e5d9c709dbae .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc828f4e73c488c517dc3e5d9c709dbae:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc828f4e73c488c517dc3e5d9c709dbae .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc828f4e73c488c517dc3e5d9c709dbae .uc828f4e73c488c517dc3e5d9c709dbae-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc828f4e73c488c517dc3e5d9c709dbae:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Life and times of fredrick douglas EssayFezzik and Inigo are re-united and Fezzik has learned about Rugen (the six fingered man). Inigo wants to kill him, but as he has no gift for strategy he tells Fezzik that he needs the MIB to help him. When they go to find him they learn he has been killed, and so they bring his body to Miracle Max (a miracle man). When Miracle Max realizes that he can get back at Humperdink, the man who fired him, by helping Wesley, he gives him a miracle pill to bring him back to life. He warns them to wait for full potency before giving it to him. Fezzik and Inigo go to the castle wall and revive Wesley (the evening of Humperdinks marriage to Butt ercup), but they give him the pill too early and he is left with no strength. He is still able to work out a plan to get into the castle, and they get inside to find Rugen and guards facing them. Inigo utters his famous lines: Hello, my name is Inigo Montoya, you killed my father; prepare to die (speaking to Rugen). Rugen runs away and Inigo chases after him. Meanwhile Buttercup has been married to Humperdink and is depressed that Wesley has not come for her. She tells Humperdinks father that she will kill herself once she has reached the honeymoon suite. Luckily, Wesley has found his way there and so they are again reunited, (but he still has no strength). All the while, Rugen has thrown a knife at Inigo and he is struck in the stomach. Rugen waits to watch him die, but Inigo uses some inner strength and kills Rugen. Back in the Honeymoon suite, Humperdink comes in to find Buttercup and Wesley there. Humperdink challenges: To the death but Wesley counters with To the pain telling him how he will leave Humperdink wallowing in freakish misery forever, Humperdink gives up and they tie him to a chair. Then Inigo, Wesley and Fezzik are all reunited and with Buttercup, they ride off on white horses into the sunset, and Buttercup and Wesley are finally together again. The grandfather then ends the story in reply to his grandsons request to read it again tomorrow with, as you wish, which was found out to mean, I love you. This movie is such a fantastic movie because it includes humor, action, suspense, romance and comedy all in less than two hours. There are two types of people in this world: those who love The Princess Bride and those who have yet to see it. The acting is wonderful. The roles are typecast superbly, and the content has no political statements or current affair ties. The lack of ties will set this movie comfortably for years to come among the favorite of families everywhere. (dehm, Phantome Noire.) On the website, About.com, Ben Miller writes up a college students Must See Movie list. The Princess Bride ranks number twenty-six on that list. Another reason I think this movie is so incredibly wonderful is because it shows that no matter what obstacles two people face in life True Love will always prevail. Works Citedhttp://www.about.comhttp://www.dehm.com/movie/princess.htmlhttp://www.geocities.com/hollywood/boulevard/4355http://www.geocities.com/hollywood/makeup/6353/princessbride.htmlhttp://www.geocities.com/hollywood/mansion/8382/main.htmlhttp://www.tough.net/eempje/princess.htmhttp://www.webring.orgMartin, Mick, and Marsha Porter. Video Movie Guide 1999. New York: Ballantine Books, 1998. The Princess Bride. Dir. Rob Reiner. 20th Century Fox/Nelson Entertainment